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Guide dogs can change a blind person's life for the better.
導盲犬可以讓視障者的生活變得更好。

  Nearly a decade ago, Quill: The Life of a Guide Dog hit theaters and touched people's hearts. The plot was centered _(1)_ Quill, a very cute Labrador puppy that went to school to be a guide dog. After being _(2)_ trained, he was sent to live with a middle-aged blind man who was unhappy about having to be led around by a dog. Of course, the man finally came around and a strong _(3)_ developed between them.
  Historians believe that guide dogs have been around since ancient Roman times because a wall painting depicting one was found when Pompeii wasexcavated. Writings and artwork about guide dogs kept _(4)_ afterwards, but it wasn't until the end of World War I that they really became widely used. Dr. Gerhard Stalling got the idea to train dogs en masse when many soldiers returned from battle blinded by poison gas. In 1916, Dr. Stalling opened up the first school to train guide dogs in Germany and ended up training up _(5)_ 600 per year. Over the next 14 years, guide dog schools _(6)_ around the world, and thousands ofvisually impaired individuals had their lives transformed because they didn't need sighted people to take care of them at all times.
  For the first 18 months of guide dogs' lives, they are taught _(7)_ obedience. Then, they are sent to schools to be trained in advanced techniques like guiding _(8)_, where they learn to help their owners go right, left, backward, and forward. The most important thing the dogs are taught is avoiding _(9)_ because this can save a person's life. Finally, guide dogs are placed with _(10)_ owners, and they train together for a while to make sure they will be compatible for the rest of their lives.

(A) bond (B) spread (C) around (D) potential (E) to
(F) properly (G) obstacles (H) basic (I) appearing (J) directions

 
  1. The plot was centered around Quill, a very cute Labrador puppy that went to school to be a guide dog.
    理由:
    a. 本題測試以下固定用法:
    be centered around...
    以……為中心;圍繞著…… 
    The conference was centered around global warming.
    這場大型會議的主題圍繞在全球暖化上。
    b. 根據上述,(C) 項應為正選。
  2. After being properly trained, he was sent to live with a middle-aged blind man who was unhappy about having to be led around by a dog.
    理由:
    a. 空格前有 be 動詞的動名詞 being,空格後有動詞 trained(訓練),得知空格應置副詞以修飾 trained。
    b. 選項中為副詞的僅有 (F) properly(適當地),置入後亦符合語意,故為正選。
    c. properly adv. 適當地
    Jennifer always dresses properly for formal occasions.
    珍妮佛在正式場合總是穿得很得體。
  3. Of course, the man finally came around and a strong bond developed between them.
    理由:
    a. 空格前有形容詞 strong(強烈的),空格後有動詞 developed(發展),得知空格應置名詞以作為主詞,並被 strong 修飾。
    b. 選項中為名詞的有 (A) bond(關係)、(D) potential(潛力)、(G) obstacles(障礙)及 (J) directions(方向),惟空格前有和單數名詞並用的不定冠詞 a,故 (G) 和 (J) 項不予考慮。根據語意,(A) 項應為正選。
    c. bond n. 關係,聯繫
    The bond between a mother and child can never be broken.
    母子間的關係永遠無法被切斷。
  4. Writings and artwork about guide dogs kept appearing afterwards, but it wasn't until the end of World War I...
    理由:
    a. 空格前有動詞 kept(持續),空格後有副詞 afterwards(之後),得知空格應置現在分詞,形成"keep V-ing"(不斷地……)的固定用法。
    b. 選項中符合上述的僅有 (I) appearing(出現),置入後亦符合語意,故為正選。
    c. appear vi. 出現
    My brother appeared out of nowhere and scared me to death.
    我弟弟突然冒出來,把我嚇得半死。
  5. In 1916, Dr. Stalling opened up the first school to train guide dogs in Germany and ended up training up to 600 per year. 
    理由:
    a. 本題測試以下固定用法:
    up to + 數字  多達∕高達…… 
    That girl can eat up to five bowls of rice in one sitting.
    那女孩一餐可以吃五碗飯之多。
    b. 根據上述,(E) 項應為正選。
  6. Over the next 14 years, guide dog schools spread around the world, and thousands of visually impaired individuals had their lives transformed...
    理由:
    a. 空格前有作主詞的名詞詞組 guide dog schools(導盲犬學校),空格後有介詞 around,得知空格應置不及物動詞。
    b. 選項中為不及物動詞的僅有 (B) spread(蔓延),置入後亦符合語意,故為正選。
    c. spread vi. 蔓延(三態同形,本文為過去式)
    The rumors about the mayor's scandal spread like wildfire.
    有關該市長醜聞的謠言像野火般蔓延開來。
  7. For the first 18 months of guide dogs' lives, they are taught basicobedience.
    理由:
    a. 空格後有名詞 obedience(服從),得知空格應置形容詞以修飾 obedience。
    b. 選項中為形容詞的有 (D) potential(可能的)及 (H) basic(基本的),惟 (H) 項置入後符合語意,故為正選。
    c. basic a. 基本的
    The basic plot of the movie is a hero saving a woman.
    這部電影的劇情基本上就是英雄救美的故事。
  8. Then, they are sent to schools to be trained in advanced techniques like guiding directions, where they learn to...
    理由:
    a. 空格前有及物動詞的動名詞 guiding(指引),得知空格應置名詞以作 guiding 的受詞。
    b. 選項中為名詞的有 (D) potential(潛力)、(G) obstacles(障礙)及 (J) directions(方向),惟 (J) 項置入後符合語意,故為正選。 
    c. direction n. 方向
    The sports car dashed off in that direction.
    那輛跑車朝那個方向疾駛而去。
  9. The most important thing the dogs are taught is avoiding obstaclesbecause this can save a person's life.
    理由:
    a. 空格前有及物動詞的動名詞 avoiding(避免),得知空格應置名詞以作 avoiding 的受詞。
    b. 選項中為名詞的有 (D) potential(潛力)及 (G) obstacles(障礙),惟 (G) 項置入後符合語意,故為正選。 
    c. obstacle n. 障礙,阻礙(其後與介詞 to 並用)
    Lack of creativity was the biggest obstacle to Andy getting promoted.
    缺乏創意是安迪升遷路上最大的絆腳石。
  10. Finally, guide dogs are placed with potential owners, and they train together for a while to make sure they will be compatible for the rest of their lives. 
    理由:
    a. 空格後有名詞 owners(主人),得知空格應置形容詞以修飾 owners。
    b. 選項中為形容詞的僅剩 (D) potential(可能的),置入後亦符合語意,故為正選。 
    c. potential a. 有可能的;潛在的
    Drug addicts pose potential threats to society as a whole.
    吸毒者對整個社會造成潛在的威脅。
  1. Labrador n. 拉布拉多犬
  2. middle-aged a. 中年的
  3. excavate vt. 挖掘
  4. en masse adv. 全體;一起
  5. visually adv. 視覺上
  6. sighted a. 看得見的
  1. be unhappy about...  對……不滿意
    Paul's English teacher was unhappy about his report.
    保羅的英文老師對他的報告不滿意。
  2. depict vt. 描述
    depict A as B  把 A 描述成 B
    = describe A as B
    In her diary, Shelly depicted the famous singer as her future husband.
    雪莉在日記裡把那位名歌手描述成她未來的丈夫。
  3. open up...  創立……
    Jill has always longed to open up her own coffee shop.
    吉兒一直渴望能開一家自己的咖啡店。
  4. impaired a. 受損的
    impair vt. 損害,損傷
    Reading in dim lighting will impair your eyesight.
    在昏暗的燈光下閱讀會傷害視力。
  5. transform vt. 使改變,使轉變
    transform A into B  將 A 改變∕轉化成 B
    The Lins transformed their old house into a convenience store.
    林家人把他們的舊房子改為一家便利商店。
  6. obedience n. 服從,順從
    The principal found the children's obedience during class is impressive.
    校長對於這些孩子在課堂上順從的表現感到印象深刻。
  7. advanced a. 進階的;高等的
    The school offers courses ranging from basic to advanced levels.
    這間學校提供的課程範圍從基礎到進階都有。
  8. compatible a. 相容的
    be compatible with...  和……相容
    The new app is not compatible with your cell phone.
    這個新應用程式和你的手機不相容。

 

你是我的眼
導盲犬可以讓視障者的生活變得更好。
  大約十年前,《再見了,可魯》一片轟動了影壇,並感動了人們的心。該片的情節環繞在可魯這隻前往學校受訓成為導盲犬,且十分可愛的拉布拉多幼犬身上。在經過適當的訓練後,可魯被送往和一位中年的視障男子同住,而這位男子對於必須要由一隻狗帶著他到處去很不滿意。當然,這位男子最後改變了態度,而且人狗之間也培養出相當緊密的關係。
  歷史學家認為導盲犬在古羅馬時期就已存在,因為他們在挖掘龐貝城時發現了一幅描繪導盲犬的壁畫。之後有關導盲犬的文章及藝術品不斷出現,但一直到第一次世界大戰結束牠們才被廣泛使用。當時許多士兵由戰場返家時都因為毒氣而導致失明,於是傑拉德.史托林博士想出了將狗狗集中訓練的點子。1916 年,史托林博士在德國成立了第一家訓練導盲犬的學校,結果每年可以訓練高達六百隻的導盲犬。在接下來的十四年間,導盲犬學校擴張至全球各地,而且有數千名視障人士的人生為之改變,因為他們不一定要靠明眼人來照顧他們。
  在導盲犬出生後的前十八個月,牠們會被教導基本的服從。接著,牠們會被送往學校訓練諸如指引方向等的進階技巧,在學校牠們會學習幫助主人左轉、右轉、後退及前進。狗狗們被教導最重要的事就是要避開障礙物,因為這一點可以拯救一個人的生命。最後,導盲犬會被交給將來可能的主人並一起訓練一段時間,以確保人和狗在接下來的人生中可以彼此相容。

答案: 1. C 2. F 3. A 4. I 5. E 6. B 7. H 8. J 9. G 10. D

資料來源:常春藤電子報

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